Purus Labs Fat Smack *90 Ct*

Product Description

Fat Smack is a novel product designed by PURUS LABS adhering to the established guidelines of PURUS in terms of including only those ingredients that have been reported to have favorable outcomes, in relation to weight/fat loss, in human subjects via oral ingestion and including them at the exact dosages proven efficacious in the research. Fat Smack contains a unique blend of ingredients, each carefully selected for their potential impact on weight/fat loss related variables, as opposed to a wash-list proprietary blend of unsubstantiated materials. If just a few ingredients can be identified as potentially efficacious in terms of the desired outcome measures (which is indeed the case when reviewing the scientific literature), then why not simply include only those potent few ingredients at the correct dosages as opposed to adding tons of “window dressing” for marketability? This is exactly the principle logic fueling PURUS LAB, brevity and precision. The text below outlines the ingredients used within Fat Smack, while providing a brief summary of the rationale for use.

1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (Caffeine)

A commonly used pharmacological agent, caffeine is very well-studied and extensively used; in fact, caffeine is the most widely consumed pharmacological substance in the world. The most well-described physiological effects of caffeine relate to enhanced mood, cognition, exercise performance, and weight loss associated outcomes (e.g., increased thermogenesis [Belza et al., 2009] such as increased free fatty acid release and catecholamine levels [Patwardhan et al., 1980], decreased appetite). Multiple mechanisms are associated with the ergogenic effect of caffeine including improved cognitive function, increased catecholamine secretion and associated lipolysis, enhanced Na+/K+ pump activity serving to enhance excitation contraction coupling, increased calcium mobilization, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and antagonism of adenosine receptors. While individual response to caffeine varies based on tolerance, dosages in the literature have generally ranged from 3-6 mg·kg-1 body mass.

2-amino-4-methylhexane

2-amino-4-methylhexane appears to provide a sympathomimetic effect in human subjects; that is, it is thought to mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system such as the endogenous chemicals epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This does not indicate that it necessarily elevates these chemicals; rather, it may mimic their effects such as enhanced fatty acid mobilization from storage depots and providing a feeling of euphoria. This is the one ingredient contained within Fat Smack that is not yet supported by peer-reviewed, published clinical data. However, research pertaining to its use in human subjects is ongoing, and immense anecdotal reports exist for improved focus, mood, exercise performance, and extreme appetite suppression. The dosage of 2-amino-4-methylhexane contained within Fat Smack is based on observations in human subjects using 2-amino-4-methylhexane alone and in combination with caffeine, as well as pilot testing done by PURUS LABS in a variety of healthy men and women with normal blood pressure.

Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), sometimes referred to as epigallocatechin 3-gallate, is one of several catechins, and is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid. EGCG is found in relatively high amounts within tea (green tea in particular), has multiple physiological properties ranging from antioxidant activity to fueling weight/fat loss (Saito et al., 2009), and is generally viewed as a candidate ingredient in the treatment of metabolic syndrome (Thielecke and Boschman, 2009). In short, the beneficial effects of green tea consumption have been reported in multiple peer reviewed manuscripts; related to weight loss, EGCG (or more specifically green tea extract) has been reported to decrease ad libitum energy intake (Belza et al., 2009), increase fat oxidation at rest (Boschman andThielecke, 2007) and during moderate-intensity exercise (Venables et al., 2008), improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance (Venables et al., 2008), increase 24-hour energy expenditure (Bérubé-Parent et al., 2005), increase dietary-induced thermogenesis via inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase (Shixian et al., 2006)an enzyme contributing to the degradation of catecholaminesand enhance weight loss (Di Pierro et al., 2009) and exercise-induced abdominal fat loss (Maki et al., 2009). An interesting finding (Henning et al., 2004) noted that the addition of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) at an amount of 30mg to a 250mL tea beverage increased the catechin digestive recovery of epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), EGCG, and epicatechin-gallate (ECG) when tested using an in vitro digestion simulating gastric and small intestinal conditions. These findings are the rationale for the inclusion of vitamin C to the Fat Smack ingredient profile (see below- Vitamin & Mineral Matrix).

Cissus Quadrangularis

Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in Thailand and used in traditional African and Ayurvedic medicine. As with green tea extract, CQ renders multiple physiological effects including potent antioxidant effects to minimize oxidative stress, anti-arthritis benefits, as well as anti-obesity properties. Specifically, the chemical constituents of CQ (e.g., flavonoids, phytosterols and keto-steroids) have shown promise as powerful antioxidants and demonstrated efficiency for lipase and amylase inhibitioncollectively contributing to reduced oxidative stress and weight loss. At least three human studies have been conducted using this agent, all reporting beneficial effects on weight loss and associated variables. In summary, these studies found CQ alone, or in conjunction with other materials, caused statistically significant reductions in body weight, central obesity, body fat, waist size, cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose (Oben et al., 2006-2007-2008). Considering the work performed by Oben and colleagues, the results for use of CQ are very impressive, and an extremely positive attribute of the Oben work is the fact that all studies included a relatively large sample size, something that is lacking in many dietary supplement intervention studies.

Capsaicinoids

Capsaicinoids are the major pungent, naturally occurring active compounds in capsicum fruits such as hot chili peppersa fruit of the genus capsicum plant family. The most abundant forms of capsaicinoids found within hot red peppers are capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), dihydrocapsaicin, and nordihydrocapsaicin (Thomas et al., 1998). Capsaicinoid ingestion is typically associated with intense feelings of heat. In fact, the amount of heat generated by these capsaicinoids is actually measured using Scoville Heat Units (SHU), with pure capsaicin yielding the highest measure of 15,000,000 SCU. With such a high rating, very little capsaicin in needed to provide a measureable effect, and too much may be associated with gastrointestinal upset. In terms of effects related to weight/fat loss, capsaicinoids have been reported in multiple studies to reduce ad libitum food intake, increase thermogenesis and energy expenditure, and enhance lipolysis (for a review please see Bloomer et al., 2009b), and inhibit adipogenesis (Hsu and Yen, 2007). Capsaicinoids are thought to function to stimulate thermogenesis by activating the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca+-ATP-ase (SERCA). Thermogenesis, as indicated earlier, refers to process of heat generation via the hydrolysis of ATP via SERCA. In the presence of capsaicinoids, SERCA becomes uncoupled (i.e., ATP hydrolysis occurs without the transport of calcium) leading to greater heat energy production (Mahmmoud, 2008). In terms of lipolysis, capsaicinoids are an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1). TRPV1, via a number of steps, ultimately leads to an increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system leading to the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal glands

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